Comparison matrix
Build provenance vs Runtime evidence
One-sentence distinction
Build provenance records how an artifact was produced; runtime evidence records what an authorized deployed service was doing during an observed window.
Side-by-side matrix
| Dimension | Build provenance | Runtime evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Primary question | What evidence establishes the first property for a named purpose? | What separate evidence or authority establishes the second property? |
| Evidence | Purpose-specific technical, factual, or institutional records. | Independent records appropriate to the second category. |
| Authority | May be descriptive or technical and may not require legal authority. | May require a competent legal, constitutional, organizational, or operational decision-maker. |
| Currentness | Can be current, stale, disputed, unknown, or unavailable. | Must be assessed separately; the first status does not transfer. |
| Failure condition | Evidence may be authentic but incomplete or unsuitable. | Authority may exist but rely on wrong or stale facts. |
Why the distinction matters
Build provenance records how an artifact was produced; runtime evidence records what an authorized deployed service was doing during an observed window. Systems and institutions fail when one side is used as a shortcut for the other. The distinction determines what evidence is collected, who may decide, what can be appealed, and which failure modes must be controlled.
Common failure caused by conflation
Using a reproducible package as a substitute for deployment, uptime, correctness, or current authority evidence.
This error can create false confidence, unauthorized status, misattributed liability, silent loss of correction rights, or an operational claim based only on descriptive material.
Implementation consequences
- Use different fields, identifiers, and claim-status records for each side.
- Require separate evidence and currentness checks.
- Do not let a user-interface label silently merge the categories.
- Preserve correction and supersession history for both.
- Route decisions to the ecosystem authority that owns the relevant function.
Legal consequences
Security obligations vary by sector and jurisdiction; evidence must distinguish mandatory controls from recommended practice.
Technical evidence can inform a legal decision but cannot replace jurisdiction, legal basis, procedural authority, due process, or remedy. Conversely, a lawful decision does not make the underlying technical record accurate if the evidence is stale or defective.
Examples
- A valid signature demonstrates control over a key and payload integrity; it does not establish the truth of every signed statement.
- A registry can record a citizenship decision; the registry operator does not thereby acquire constitutional power to create citizenship.
- A static release can show that software exists; it does not prove the service is currently operating.
Sources
- NIST SP 800-218 Secure Software Development Framework Version 1.1 — NIST; SP 800-218 SSDF Version 1.1; Version 1.2 initial public draft tracked separately; Version 1.1 final; Version 1.2 initial public draft. Exact claim-support entries: 2. Revalidated 2026-08-14T22:04:09Z.
- NIST SP 800-53 Rev. 5, Release 5.2.0 Security and Privacy Controls — NIST; SP 800-53 Rev. 5, Release 5.2.0; Final control catalog with 2025 minor release. Exact claim-support entries: 2. Revalidated 2026-08-14T22:04:09Z.
- Supply-chain Levels for Software Artifacts (SLSA) Specification v1.2 — OpenSSF; SLSA v1.2; Approved. Exact claim-support entries: 2. Revalidated 2026-08-14T22:04:09Z.
- in-toto Attestation Framework — in-toto project; Current project framework; Open standard; CNCF graduated project. Exact claim-support entries: 1. Revalidated 2026-08-14T22:04:09Z.
Comparison claim record
Each proposition has a stable ID, status, scope, owning route, evidence relationship, currentness qualification, correction state, and synchronized JSON record. Record completeness does not make the proposition true.
Build provenance versus Runtime evidence
Build provenance records how an artifact was produced; runtime evidence records what an authorized deployed service was doing during an observed window.
Support relationship
SRC-NIST-SSDF· Version 1.1 final publication · QUALIFIES OR SUPPORTS WITHIN STATED SCOPESRC-NIST-SSDF· Version 1.2 initial public draft · QUALIFIES OR SUPPORTS WITHIN STATED SCOPESRC-NIST-800-53· Planning note — Release 5.2.0 · QUALIFIES OR SUPPORTS WITHIN STATED SCOPESRC-NIST-800-53· Publication purpose · QUALIFIES OR SUPPORTS WITHIN STATED SCOPESRC-SLSA· Specification status · QUALIFIES OR SUPPORTS WITHIN STATED SCOPESRC-SLSA· Build requirements · QUALIFIES OR SUPPORTS WITHIN STATED SCOPESRC-IN-TOTO· Project overview · QUALIFIES OR SUPPORTS WITHIN STATED SCOPE