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  "name": "The Strategic and Legal Dimensions of Preemptive Cyber Operations Against Known Threat Groups: A Global Perspective — finding 2",
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  "proposition": "It states that Article 51 analysis depends on whether the prospective cyber effects would reach the scale and effects of an armed attack, while espionage, theft, and lower-level disruption often remain below that threshold.",
  "qualification": "The source advances arguments in favor of proactive cyber operations and surveys national doctrines. K04 preserves the strategic case while separating it from current legal authorization, verified intelligence, rules of engagement, target approval, and primary-source validation of time-sensitive national policies.",
  "releaseId": "K12-2026-08-16",
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  "scope": "Governed finding 2 from report REP-K04-043; public reliance is limited to the report synthesis, source hash, correction state, and stated project claim status.",
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    {
      "section": "The Evolving Threat Landscape: The Rise of Non-State Actors and Known Groups",
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